Gas is a clever mechanism that Ethereum uses as an internal network pricing fee for executing a transaction or contract. When referring to gas, users may refer to the gas limit or the gas price.
The gas limit is equivalent to the amount of computational work required to accomplish something using the Ethereum network (such as a transaction or the implementation of a smart contract). The gas price is the amount of money a user is willing to pay to get that amount of work done. The combination of the two factors determines the total amount of the transaction, which must be paid in Ether.
If the gas price is too low, your request will not be processed by the miners. If you pay a fair rate, but the cost of your requirement exceeds the budget or is not met for any other reason, but it was sent to the network anyway, you will not get the money back for the calculation work done by the miners.
The gas mechanism ensures that every item deployed on the network has a cost to run, making people more cautious about the code they intend to deploy on the network, thus protecting miners and users from questionable or malicious code.
With the use of the Ethereum core becoming more widespread due to its reliability, the new EVM blockchains, i.e. blockchains running on Ethereum Virtual Machine, all work with this Gas principle to take a transaction to validators. Depending on the characteristics of each PoW/PoS chain, the pricing of Gas can vary enormously, from a few fractions of a cent on Polygon to a few hundred euros on Ethereum depending on the traffic.
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